THOMAS
,
EBENEZER
(
Eben Fardd
;
1802
-
1863
),
schoolmaster and poet
;
b.
Aug. 1802
at
Tan-lan
in the parish of
Llanarmon, Caerns.
, the son of
Thomas
Williams
, a
weaver
, and
Catherine
Prys
. His parents were faithful members of the
Calvinistic Methodist society
at
Ysgoldy
,
Pencaenewydd
, where the son was received into membership in
1811
. He attended schools at
Capel Helyg
,
Llanarmon
,
Llangybi
,
Aber-erch
and, for a short time, at
Tudweiliog
in
Llŷn
. He also learnt his father's craft. On the death of his brother
William
in
1822
,
Eben
took over the school
kept by him at
Llangybi
, and in the same year he resigned from church membership. His interest in poetry had become evident before he was 15 years of age, and he had come to know
Robert ap Gwilym Ddu
and
Dewi Wyn
(qq.v.). His first bardic achievement was at the
Powis eisteddfod
held at
Welshpool
in
1824
, when he won the prize for his ode, ‘
Dinystr Jerusalem
.’ In
1825
he went to
keep school
at
Llanarmon
, moving, in
1827
, to
Clynnog
. In
1830
he m.
Mary
Williams
,
Caerpwsan
,
Clynnog
, and there were four children of the marriage — three daughters and one son. His wife used to
bake bread
and
keep shop
, and he himself
bound books
, in order to augment his earnings as a
schoolmaster
, and he later became the
postmaster
. He resumed membership with the
Calvinistic Methodists
in
1839
. His second major eisteddfodic triumph occurred at
Liverpool
in
1840
, when he was awarded the prize for an ode on ‘
Cystudd, Amynedd, ac Adferiad Iob
.’ In the following year the two odes, together with some shorter poems, appeared in a volume entitled
Caniadau
(
Caernarfon
,
James
Rees
). His school had been housed in the parish church, but in
1843
he moved it to a small building attached to his own house, where it remained till
1845
, when it was moved to
Ebenezer chapel
. In
1849
he was asked to take on a new national school at
Clynnog
, but as this would entail his becoming a communicant at the parish church, he refused the offer. The
Calvinistic Methodist Connexion
took an interest in
Eben
's school, and in
1850
the
Arfon presbytery
made him an annual grant of £15 (which was later increased to £30) on condition that he taught the children of
Calvinistic Methodists
free of charge and
instructed candidates for the ministry
. This
arrangement lasted until
Eben
's death. His poem, ‘
Yr Atgyfodiad
,’ sent into the
Rhuddlan eisteddfod
of
1850
, was unsuccessful, but he was given the prize at
Llangollen
in
1858
for his ode, ‘
Maes Bosworth
.’ He was a competitor also at
Caernarvon
in
1862
on the subject ‘
Y Flwyddyn
,’ but was beaten by
Hwfa Môn
. He d.
17 Feb. 1863
, and was buried at
Clynnog
. His wife, his son, and two of his daughters had predeceased him.
Eben Fardd
was regarded in his day as one of
Wales
's foremost poets, and it is fair to say that he was endowed with more of the true poetic sensibility than was any other of the 19th century eisteddfodic bards. He
adjudicated
often, the most notable occasion being at
Aberffraw
in
1849
, when he was for awarding the prize to
Emrys
's ode on ‘
Y Greadigaeth
,’ but was overruled by his two fellow-adjudicators in favour of
Nicander
. In addition to his well known eisteddfodic poems he wrote a large body of occasional verse, and a collection of hymns by him appeared under the title
Hymnau
(
Denbigh
,
1862
). He prepared an appendix of hymns for the
1856
edition of
Y Salmydd Cymreig
, edited by
Roger
Edwards
. His contributions to the periodicals of the time were extensive. The ode ‘
Dinystr Jerusalem
’ represents the highest achievement of descriptive classicism, while the new standards of the romantic movement appear in the lyrical passages in the ode ‘
Y Flwyddyn
,’ and in the Miltonic style of the poem in the free metres ‘
Yr Atgyfodiad
.’
Eben Fardd
was indeed the focus of much of the literary activity of the first half of the 19th century. His collected works were published under the title
Gweithiau Barddonol Eben Fardd
(in
1873
as it is supposed), edited by
Howell
Roberts
and
William
Jones
. His antiquarian interest is evinced in the volume entitled
Cyff Beuno
(
1863
), dealing with the history and tradition of the parish of
Clynnog
.
Bibliography:
-
Eben Fardd Cyfres y Fil 16
,
Llanuwchllyn, 1906
(‘Cyfres y Fil’);
-
Y Geninen
, xiv, 91; xix, 240; xx, 58, 100; xxi, 135;
-
Cymru
, iv 29; xxiv, 51; lviii, 9, 52, 93, 133, 149;
-
Y Traethodydd
, xxxix, 283; xl, 178; 1, 177;
-
Wales, a National Magazine for the English
speaking parts of Wales
, 1894–7
, i, ii, iii,
passim
;
-
Geirlyfr Bywgraffiadol o Enwogion
Cymru
, 1870
, 1097;
-
‘Adgof uwch Anghof.’ Llythyrau lluaws o Brif
Enwogion Cymru
, 1883
,
passim
;
-
Y Gwyddoniadur Cymreig
, 1889-96
(2nd ed.), ix, 660;
-
Y Llenor
, v, 137, 245;
-
[see also
The National Library of Wales Journal
,
Winter 1952
, 344-6].
Author:
Principal / Sir Thomas Parry, D.Litt., (1904-85), Bangor /
Aberystwyth