RHYS GOCH ERYRI
(
fl
.
early 15th cent.
),
poet
, of
Beddgelert
.
Perhaps he was ‘
un o'r rhai gorau ieuainc
’ (‘one of the best of the young ones’) mentioned in ‘
Cywydd y Cwest
’ by
Gruffudd Llwyd
(
1385?
). The reading there is not quite certain, but one can rely on
Rhys Goch Eryri
's own elegy to
Gruffudd Llwyd ap Dafydd ab Einion
(q.v.)
where he refers to the latter as ‘athro’ (‘teacher’) and says that he was almost of the same age as himself.
Llywelyn ap Moel y Pantri
(q.v.)
imagined that there was a slur on
Powys
in that elegy and attacked
Rhys
eloquently. The latter replies ‘
Rhy hen wyf, a rhy fab wyd
’ (‘
I am too old, and thou art too young
’) and that confirms that he and
Gruffydd
were almost contemporaries. Howsoever, he survived
Llywelyn
and wrote an elegy to him also, referring in this to an eclipse of the moon occurring at the time of his death. It may be suggested that this refers to the total eclipse of the sun which took place on
3 Feb. 1440
, followed by a lunar eclipse on the 18th of the same month. There is attributed to
Rhys
an elegy to
Meredydd ap Cynwrig
of
Anglesey
who died in
1448
or a little earlier. It is hardly likely that
Rhys
himself lived much longer and so his period of activity as a
bard
may be said to range from about
1385 to 1448
. He was buried at
Beddgelert
. According to tradition he lived at
Hafod Garegog
, and his own references in his poems to
Snowdonia
confirm that his home was in that mountainous region. According to
J. E.
Griffith
(
Pedigrees …
, 199,
sub
Hafod Garegog
) he was
Rhys ap Dafydd ap Iorwerth ab Evan Llwyd ap Rhirid
, but according to
B.M. Add. MS. 14866 (511)
,
Gwyneddon MS. 3 (161)
, and
Pen MS. 112 (815)
the lineage was as follows — ‘
ap Dafydd ab Ieuan Llwyd
.’
His
cywyddau
to
Gwilym ap Gruffydd
of
Penrhyn
,
Sir
William
Thomas
of
Raglan
, and
William Fychan ap Gwilym
of
Penrhyn
, can be dated fairly easily. No poem by him to
Owain Glyn Dŵr
has been preserved, although there are suggestions in his poems to members of the
Penrhyn
family that his sympathies were with the adherents of
Glyn Dŵr
. Even if he did sing to the prince's adherents, it was more discreet for their sakes, in the time of oppression which followed in the wake of the war, not to give them prominence. His
cywydd
to
Beuno
is interesting; of still more interest is his bardic ‘controversy’ with
Llywelyn ap y Moel
and his reply to
Siôn Cent
's (q.v.)
satire on ‘
Yr Awen Gelwyddog
’ (‘the lying muse’). His
cywydd
to a beard is also in the bardic tradition but it contains no chronological references. One must distrust the authorship of the
cywydd
‘i'r Faslart’
because of the reference to
Powys
contained in it, the same applies to the
cywydd
to
Sir
Gruffydd
Fychan
, and for the same reason — and because of the uncertainty of the manuscripts on the matter. The same is true of the
cywydd
urging a fox to kill
Dafydd Nanmor
's peacock; his satiric
awdl
to another fox (‘
Madyn Iwynogyn
’) can, however, be regarded as authentic.
Bibliography:
-
See the article
Dafydd Nanmor
;
-
Cywyddau Iolo Goch ac Eraill,
1350–1450
, 1925, 1937
, xxxviii-liii, 157-86, 301-38;
-
Gorchestion Beirdd Cymru
, 1773,
1864
, 92-8.
Author:
Emeritus Professor Sir Ifor Williams, D.Litt., Ll.D., F.B.A., F.S.A.,
(1881-1965), Pontlyfni